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Edmond MALINVAUD
(Class 1948)
Honorary Professor at College de France
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Civil Service
1974-1987: Director General of INSEE (French Statistics Agency)
1972-1974: Director of Department of Forecasting at the Ministry of Economy and Finance
1962-1966: Director of ENSAE
1946-1966: Director and Inspector General of INSEE
Academic Career
1988-1993: Professor at College de France
1969-1972: Associate Professor at the University of Paris I
1961 and 1967: Visiting professor at the University of California Berkeley
1957-1993: Director of Studies at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales
1950-1951: Visiting Fellow of the Cowles Commission for Research in Economics, University of Chicago
Specialist in macroeconomics, microeconomics and econometrics, Edmond Malinvaud was particularly interested in the theory of unemployment, particularly in the Review of the Theory of Unemployment (1980). He shows the compatibility between the classical unemployment theory (due to high real wage) and the Keynesian unemployment theory (due to a situation of underemployment). This analysis follows the theory of imbalances, which he co-founded. According to this theory, there may be situations of imbalances between supply and demand on the labor market but also in terms of goods and services. Indeed, prices and wages are fixed and any imbalance caused by an adjustment quantities. Depending on whether supply exceeds demand or vice versa, different scenarios are possible, including the Keynesian unemployment (there is insufficient demand for goods and for labor) and classical unemployment (supply property is less than demand, while supply of labor exceeds demand).
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Christian SAUTTER
(Class 1965)
Deputy Mayor of Paris, in charge of economic development
Former Minister of Finance
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Christian graduated the ENSAE, the Institut d’Etude Politique de Paris and the Ecole Polytechnique. He started his career in 1965 as a young administrator of the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE). During his career Christian has developed a genuine academic knowledge of the Japanese society. He alternated academic and political jobs serving in 1982 the general secretariat of the French President François Miterrand, reaching the position of secretary of State in charge of the Budget and of Minister of Finance between 1997 and 2000.
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Jean-Jacques LAFFONT
(Class 1970)
Founded Toulouse's Industrial Economics Institute (Institut D'Economie Industrielle, IDEI) part of the Toulouse School of Economics (TSE)
Deceased in 2004
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Laffont made pioneering contributions in microeconomics, in particular, public economics, development economics, and the theory of imperfect information, incentives, and regulation. His 1993 book A Theory of Incentives in Procurement and Regulation, written with Jean Tirole, is a fundamental reference in the economics of the public sector and the theory of regulation. In 2002, he published (with David Martimort) The Theory of Incentives: the Principal-Agent Model, a treatise on the economics of information and incentives. His last book, Regulation and Development, discussed policies for improving the economies of less developed countries.
Over the course of his career, he wrote 17 books and more than 200 articles.
1978-2004 Professeur d’Economie, Université de Toulouse I
From 2001, he was the inaugural holder of the University of Southern California's John Elliott Chair in Economics
1998 President of the European Economic Association
1990 Directeur de l’Institut D’Economie Industrielle (IDEI) de Toulouse
1988 Taussig Research Professeur, Université d’Harvard
1987 - 1988 Sherman Fairschild Fellow, California Institute of Technology
1979 Professeur d’Economie, Université de Toulouse I
ACADEMIC
PhD Economics, Wells Prize, 1975, Harvard University USA
Doctorat de 3e cycle Mathématiques Appliquées, 1972, Paris
Graduate from ENSAE (1970)
DEA Mathématiques Économiques, 1970, Paris
DEA Analyse Stochastique, 1969, Paris
Maîtrise de Mathématiques, 1968, Toulouse
Licence ès Sciences Économiques, 1968, Toulouse
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Jean-Michel CHARPIN
(Class 1973)
Inspector General of Finance
President of the French Association of Economics
Advisory Board Member for the European Statistical Governance
Member of the Board of Retirement Guidance Council
Member of the Academy of Technology
Member of the Supervisory Board of ERDF
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2003-2007: Director General of INSEE (French Statistics Agency)
1998-2003: Planning Commissioner
1994-1997: Director of ALM, a member of the General Management Committee of BNP
1990-1993: Director of Economic Studies of the BNP
1985-1990: Director of the CEPII
1983-1985: Director of Office of Secretary of State to the Prime Minister in charge of Public
1981 to 1983: Chief of programs, INSEE
Former student of the Ecole Polytechnique
Graduated from ENSAE
Graduate of Sciences Po Paris
Graduate Graduate Economics
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What school has done for me :
It is at the ENSAE that I learned statistics and econometrics. I also followed there the economics lectures of Edmond Malinvaud, who was the guide of a generation.
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Michel DAHAN
(Class 1974)
General Partner and Chairman of Banexi Ventures Partners
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Prior to Banexi Ventures Partners, he was CEO of SAARI, the French leading company in accounting software.
He has been Senior Adviser in technology and the French Ministry of Industry, then Manager of subsidiaries at Steria Group (leading software company).
He is graduate from Ecole Polytechnique and ENSAE.
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Antoine PAILLE
(Class 1977)
Founder of the equity derivatives departement of Société Générale
Founder of Commerz Financial Products
CEO of Pattern Recognition Global Trading
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2... : Found Pattern Recognition Global Trading
1994: Joins Commerzbank in Frankfurt, with the mission of creating ex nihilo a subsidiary in derivatives.
1985 : Takes the responsibility of the options.
1980 : Joins Société Générale.
ENSAE graduate
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Jean-Marc DANIEL
(Class 1979)
Associate Professor in Economics, ESCP Europe Business School
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After graduating from the Ecole Polytechnique and ENSAE, he joined the French administration at the INSEE Statistics Agency. He alternated positions in the active administration (regional office INSEE Lyon, Budget Office, Social Security system for minors, Ministry of Foreign Affairs), the cabinet ministries (the Ministry of Culture and Ministry Foreign Affairs) and academic positions as an economist and teacher (Investigator at OFCE, courses at ESCP Europe, at the Ecole des Mines, Paris X and ENSAE). Currently, in addition to its current ESCP Europe role, he is responsible for teaching economics to students - Engineers Corps mines. There is also a columnist for the newspaper Le Monde - the history of economic ideas - and editor of the society. There is also a member of the board of directors of the Company of Political Economy.
He works mainly on economic policy, in its theoretical dimension and in its historical dimensions.
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Robert ROCHEFORT
(Class 1979)
MP(MoDem) at the European Parliament, Strasbourg
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Since 2009: Member of the European Parliament in the South West constituency
1995-2009: Director General of CREDOC
1987-1995: Director of Research Center for the Study and Observation of Living Conditions (CREDOC)
1985-1986: Deputy Director of the Centre for Research, Studies and Documentation in Health Economics (CREDES)
1981-1987: Robert Rochefort became head of the Statistics Department of National Health Insurance Fund
In addition, Robert Rochefort has been named a member of the Council of Economic Analysis to the Prime Minister in March 2006, a position he held until 2009.
He is also Vice-Chairman of the Commission on National Accounts Trade, and member of the Commission of Health Accounts.
Under its other activities, he was director until June 2009 National French Red Cross.
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Gilles MICHEL
(Class 1979)
CEO of Imerys
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2010: CEO of Imerys.
2009-2010: President of the FSI (French Sovereign Wealth Fund) and Member of the Executive Committee of Caisse des Dépôts
2002-2009: PSA Peugeot Citroen
* Director of Platforms, Technology and Procurement, Member of Executive Committee (2002-2007)
* Director of Citroën, Board Member (2007 - 2008)
1986-2002: Compagnie de Saint-Gobain
* In charge of the Directorate of Economic Research Group (1986)
* Director of Management Control and Planning of the industrial ceramics industry (1987 - 1988),
* Director of the factory SEPR Le Pontet (1988 - 1992),
* Director General of the activity "fused glass" (1992-1994)
* Executive Director of the Division Ceramics fused "(1994-1997)
* CEO of Ball-Foster Glass Co., a subsidiary of Group Indiapolis (1997-2000)
* Chairman of the Ceramics and Plastics, a member of Group Executive Committee (2000-2002)
1982-1986: Economist at the Industrial World Bank (Washington DC, USA).
1979-1982: Assistant at the ENSAE (National School of Statistics and Economic Administration)
Former student of the Ecole Polytechnique (1974)
ENSAE Graduate
Graduate of SciencesPo Paris
Master in Economics
Chevalier dans l’Ordre national du Mérite
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Michel FREDEAU
(Class 1982)
Senior Partner and Managing Director, Member of the executive committee and Global Head of Human Ressources, The Boston Consulting Group
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Since 2007: Member of Executive Committee and head of global human resources
2000-2007: Head of the Paris office, The Boston Consulting Group
1985-2000: Consultant, The Boston Consulting Group
ENSAE (1982)
Wharton MBA (1985)
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Frédéric GAGEY
(Class 1982)
CEO, Air France- KLM Group
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A graduate of Polytechnique, Université Paris 1 and ENSAE (1982), Frédéric Gagey began his career with INSEE and financial institutions. He joined Air France in 1996 as Executive Vice President, Finance and Administration.
On January 1, 2005, Frédéric Gagey joined the Executive Board of another airline, KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, and was then appointed Head of Financial Affairs for the Air France-KLM group, the Franco-Dutch alliance between the two airlines.
In 2013, after just one year as Executive Vice President, Economy and Finance, Frédéric Gagey succeeded Alexandre de Juniac at the head of the Air France group.
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Martine DURAND
(Class 1983)
Deputy Director, Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, OECD
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Since 2002 : Deputy-Director of Employment, Labour and Social Affairs
Martine Durand joined the OECD in 1983 as an economist in the Economics Department. She developed the OECD indicators of international competitiveness and was responsible for oil and commodity markets and the modeling of employment, wages and inflation in OECD countries. She later worked on the UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand Desks and contributed to the OECD Economic Surveys of these countries.
In 1991, she was appointed senior economist, heading the team responsible for monitoring and projecting trade and current account balances of OECD countries, as well as ensuring world consistency of OECD projections published twice yearly in the OECD Economic Outlook. In 1992, she also assumed the G-10 Secretariat responsibilities, in collaboration with representatives from the IMF and the BIS.
Between 1994 and 1997 she was responsible for preparing general assessments of the economic situation and policy orientations in OECD Member countries for publication in the OECD Economic Outlook.
In 1997, Martine Durand was appointed Counselor to the OECD Chief Economist, advising him on a wide range of policy issues and being responsible for the overall organisation of meetings of the OECD Working Party No. 3 and Economic Policy Committee.
In early 2001, Martine Durand took up the position of Deputy-Head of the OECD Secretary-General’s Private Office where she worked on a number of national and international policy issues requesting the attention of the Secretary-General and his Deputies.
Prior to joining the OECD, Martine Durand worked in a French research and consultancy institute, specialising in forecasting trends in sectoral activities and providing consultancy services to business and industry.
During her career at the OECD, Martine Durand has co-authored numerous articles and publications in the area of international competitiveness, foreign trade and investment, exchange rates, public finances, saving and investment and analysis and assessments of economic policies in OECD Member countries. She is one of the principal authors of the OECD Growth Study. She was a member of the Editorial Board of OECD Economic Studies. Martine Durand is a member of the Board of the French Centre for Employment Studies.
Graduate in mathematics, statistics and economics from the Paris VI University
ENSAE
University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Bernard SALANIE
(Class 1986)
Professor, Columbia University (New York)
Research Fellow at LEI (CREST)
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Since 2005 : Professor, Columbia University (New York)
Since 2003 : Research Fellow at LEI (CREST)
2001-2003 : Director of CREST
2000-2001 : Visiting professor, University of Chicago
1997-2000 : Head of the Macroeconomic Policy Unit, INSEE
1995-1997 : Director of LEI (CREST)
1994-1995 : Director of ENSAE
1992-1994 : Director of Studies at ENSAE
1991-1992 : professor at ENSAE
1990-1991 : Visiting Scholar, Stanford University
1988-1990 : short-term forecasting, Forecasting Department of INSEE
1986-1988 : Research Fellow at INSEE's Research Department
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Eric CHANEY
(Class 1988)
Chief Economist, AXA Group
Member of the French Council for Economic Advisors
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2000-2008 : Managing Director and Co-Head of European Economics, Morgan Stanley International
1999-2000: Morgan Stanley, co-Head Euroland Economics
1995-1999: Morgan Stanley SA, Chief French Economist
1995 : INSEE Chef de la Division Synthese conjonturelle et rédacteur en chef de la Note de Conjoncture
Direction de la Prévision (Ministère des finances): Bureau Europe, puis chef du Bureau Synthèse Internationale
INSEE, Département de la Conjoncture, Économie internationale
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What school has done for me :
an excellent formal training and practical in econometrics, time series analysis and theoretical economics. Challenging competitors, I have never felt handicapped in any of responsibilities I exerted because of technical difficulties on macroeconomic or economic policy issues. Quite the contrary indeed: thanks to strong theoretical bases, the ENSAE curriculum often confers an advantage, sometimes a dominant position in the turning points and vicissitudes of a career.
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Benoit COEURE
(Class 1992)
Member of the Executive Board, European Central Bank
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Since 2012: Member of the Executive Board at the European Central Bank
2009-2011: Deputy Head and Chief Economist of the French Treasury
2006-2009: Head of the Agence France Trésor
2002-2006: Deputy Head of Agence France Trésor
1997-2002: Economic Advisor to the Head of the French Treasury
1999-2001: Head office of economic policies and foreign exchange market, Treasury Department
1992-1997: economist at INSEE
ENSAE graduate
Alumni of the École Polytechnique
DEA Analysis and Economic Policy
License in Japanese
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Jérôme PHILIPPE
(Class 1993)
Lawyer Partner, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer
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Jérome started his career teaching economics as an assistant at the ENSAE. He has led both an academic and an operational career in the General Directorate of Competition, the Consumption and the Repression of Frauds (DGCCRF) .He graduated a PHD in Industrial Economics in 1999 at the University of Toulouse. Since 2002, he has been a lawyer at the court, working for Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer.
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What school has done for me :
A logical continuation of the lectures I attended at the Ecole Polytechnique, and an opening to economic research. There, I changed my mind and decided in a few months to direct me towards microeconomics, teaching and research. Thanks to the courses and the contacts I had at school, I understood that only a tiny borderline separated law and industrial economics. At that time, product market competition was an issue rising in importance. The ENSAE curriculum gave me very strong bases for a future evolution towards a legal career in the area of the right of competition. It also helped me to get towards operational functions at the French Competition Council.
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Rachid BOUZOUBA
(Class 1993)
Co-Head of Global Equities, Head of equities for Europe and the Middle East, Nomura
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2010 : Co-Head of Global Equities
2008 : Head of Equities for Europe and the Middle East
2007 : co-Head of Equities for Europe and the Middle East
2006 : Head of all European equities trading
2004 : Head of European equity derivatives trading
2003 : Joins Lehman as head of structured trading
1994 : Joins Crédit Lyonnais, equity derivatives
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Guillaume CORNUT
(Class 1994)
Global Head of Options and Exotics Trading, BNP Paribas
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Head of options, exotics and hybrid products for Europe and US, BNP Paribas
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What school has done for me :
ENSAE trains us in rigorous analysis and understanding of the factors of economic life, which gives us the ability to quickly get to the heart of our country's future.
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Hélène REY
(Class 1994)
Chaired Professor of Economics, London Business School
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Since 2007 : London Business School Chaired Professor of Economics
2006-2007 : Princeton, Economics Department, Woodrow Wilson School and Bendheim Center for Finance, Professor of Economics and International Affairs
2000-2006 : Princeton, Economics Department, Woodrow Wilson School and Bendheim Center
for Finance, Assistant Professor of Economics and International Affairs
1997-2000 : London School of Economics and Political Science, Lecturer
PhD in economics, London School of Economics (1998)
Docteur de l'École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS, 1998)
M.S. Engineering Economic Systems, Stanford University (1994)
ENSAE graduate
Stanford MS graduate
PhD (EHESS, Paris)
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Karine BERGER
(Class 1998)
Députée de la 1ère circonscription des Hautes-Alpes, French Assemblée Nationale
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since 2012: Deputy for the 1st constituency of Hautes-Alpes, National Assembly
2008-2011 Head of Markets and Marketing, Euler Hermes
2004-2007 INSEE
2001-2004 Chief Economist, French Competition Department
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What school has done for me :
It was at ENSAE that I found the training that perfectly matched my personality, my way of thinking and my convictions.
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Anne MULLER
(Class 2012)
Anne Muller COO Veltys
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There's no simple answer to the question "How did you become COO of Veltys at the age of 30? To answer this question, Anne Muller prefers to mention, in passing, her career path from ENSAE, her taste for mathematics and a decisive encounter.
A surprise start at ENSAE
Anne Muller was born in 1988 in Mulhouse, a town she would not leave until she was 18. In her family, where a love of mathematics has been passed down from generation to generation - both her parents and her brother are mathematics teachers - Anne is almost the exception, the literary member of the family.
In 2006, after having tried her hand at Sciences-Po, she entered the BL preparatory school at Janson-de-Sailly in the 16th arrondissement, a multi-disciplinary preparatory school if ever there was one, but one in which maths had pride of place. It was a bit of an accidental choice, as "BL was the non-choice par excellence, the only way to keep both maths and humanities", but one that paid off. In 2008, she entered ENSAE as a square, while she was preparing for a 3rd year of preparatory classes. She learned of her admission in person from Sylviane Gastaldo, then Director of Studies, who picked up the phone to tell her: "It took me a while to realize what was happening when I heard her say that they were expecting me back in Malakoff".
She has nothing but excellent memories of ENSAE, where she appreciated the mathematical approach to most of the courses right from the start: "It's where I learned everything". It's also where she met the people who make up her life today: her husband, (their first meeting in SAS class), her band of friends and the man who was to become her boss, Philippe Février.
It was also here that she made the choices that would shape her future career: microeconomics, which she knew from the very first year that she wanted to make her career, followed by a 6-month internship at the French Competition Authority (Autorité de la Concurrence - AdlC). It then seemed natural that she should go into the competition profession, where a solid background in microeconomics would have a clear path. To improve her chances, she completed her training in microeconomics and industrial economics at ENSAE (AMFE course in market analysis and corporate finance) with a master's degree in economic law from Sciences Po Paris.
Getting started at MAPP
In 2012, in parallel with her M2 at Sciences Po, she began a work-study program at MAPP, a firm specializing in competition economics. MAPP had been her dream since her internship at AdlC, where she heard about "the best economists in Paris". She wanted to wait to put all her chances on her side before applying. Finally, fate intervened, and Philippe Février, then a partner at Mapp, who was teaching 3A?s Empirical Industrial Organisation course, suggested that she join the firm over coffee at the end of a class. She did so without hesitation.
It was a smooth entry into the world of work, and an experience she describes today as exciting: "I was finally able to do what I had always dreamed of doing", surrounded by brilliant associates and collaborators.
A short step from MAPP to Veltys
In the end, after 2 years, there was only one drawback: "The world of competition was fascinating, but with the tools of econometrics, statistics and our economist?s reasoning, we can do so much more. The exponential growth of data gives consultants with our skills a real card to play". This is precisely the premise of Veltys, which was founded in 2013 as a spin-off from MAPP. Here again, the transition is quite smooth, as she says, "I've just changed employer, but I haven't changed office or team!"
So she joined Veltys as a senior consultant in 2013 and has been there ever since. With great success: although she won't say so herself, her career path speaks for itself, as she became COO (Chief Operating Officer) in 2017. It's a demanding position that requires her to manage multiple projects at once, and to learn new subjects quickly and effectively: finance, legal affairs, information systems and communications.
It's a role that her words describe better than any other: "I've acquired a new stature in the company. I've become a problem solver, a point of reference and support for all the teams. It's a demanding job, because everything has to be built, and there are always new projects, but it's also rewarding, because you make a real difference in everyday life.
When asked what she'll appreciate most in her professional life, Anne replies: being useful and continuing to learn. And that's exactly what she wants. And admiring this (early) career, you can tell that it will take her a long way.
Interview by Marie RABATE
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